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ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ - ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ
ᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠁
ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠨᠡ
ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠤᠤ︖ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠁
ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ 15 ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠡ
ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠳᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ
ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠨᠡ
ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠄ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠶ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠁
ᠣᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠬ
ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠴᠤᠷᠭᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠁
ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠣ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ
ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ
ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠁
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠲᠦ ᠮᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ
ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠢᠲᠢᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠁
ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ PDF ᠺᠣᠳ᠋ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠁
ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠱᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ
12 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠺᠠᠩ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ K21 ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠁
ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠢᠳᠢᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠁
ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠁
︽ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ︾ ᠢ ᠁
2021 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠁
︽ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ＋ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠁
ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ 12 ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ
9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠁
ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠨᠡ︕ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠬᠦᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠁
ᠡᠪᠤᠳᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ︕
ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠁
ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠁
ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠶᠠ
12331 ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠸᠠ
ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠪᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ
ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠁
ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠠᠭᠨᠠ
ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠤᠤ︖
ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦ ᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ
ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠁
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ︽ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ︾ 1961 ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠁
ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤᠯᠡᠯᠠ
6 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ Liubike ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠁
ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ《 ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠁
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